Electron Dot Diagram For Lead

x.1 Lewis Electron Dot Diagrams

Learning Objective

1. Draw a Lewis electron dot diagram for an atom or a monatomic ion.

In nigh all cases, chemical bonds are formed by interactions of valence electrons in atoms. To facilitate our understanding of how valence electrons interact, a elementary way of representing those valence electrons would be useful.

A Lewis electron dot diagram (or electron dot diagram or a Lewis diagram or a Lewis construction) is a representation of the valence electrons of an cantlet that uses dots around the symbol of the chemical element. The number of dots equals the number of valence electrons in the atom. These dots are arranged to the correct and left and above and beneath the symbol, with no more than two dots on a side. (It does not matter what order the positions are used.) For example, the Lewis electron dot diagram for hydrogen is only

Because the side is not important, the Lewis electron dot diagram could besides be drawn every bit follows:

The electron dot diagram for helium, with two valence electrons, is as follows:

By putting the two electrons together on the same side, nosotros emphasize the fact that these ii electrons are both in the is subshell; this is the mutual convention we will adopt, although in that location volition be exceptions later. The next cantlet, lithium, has an electron configuration of anesouth ^two2s ¹, so it has only 1 electron in its valence beat out. Its electron dot diagram resembles that of hydrogen, except the symbol for lithium is used:

Beryllium has two valence electrons in its 2s beat out, then its electron dot diagram is like that of helium:

The next atom is boron. Its valence electron shell is 2due south ²2p ¹, so information technology has three valence electrons. The third electron will go on some other side of the symbol:

Once again, it does not thing on which sides of the symbol the electron dots are positioned.

For carbon, at that place are iv valence electrons, two in the twodue south subshell and 2 in the 2p subshell. As usual, we volition depict two dots together on one side, to stand for the iis electrons. However, conventionally, nosotros draw the dots for the 2 p electrons on unlike sides. As such, the electron dot diagram for carbon is as follows:

With nitrogen, which has three p electrons, we put a single dot on each of the three remaining sides:

For oxygen, which has 4 p electrons, we now accept to get-go doubling upwards on the dots on one other side of the symbol. When doubling up electrons, make certain that a side has no more than two electrons.

Fluorine and neon have seven and 8 dots, respectively:

With the next element, sodium, the procedure starts over with a unmarried electron because sodium has a single electron in its highest-numbered shell, the n = 3 shell. Past going through the periodic tabular array, we see that the Lewis electron dot diagrams of atoms will never have more than 8 dots around the atomic symbol.

Instance 1

What is the Lewis electron dot diagram for each element?

1. aluminum
2. selenium

Solution

1. The valence electron configuration for aluminum is 3south ²3p ¹. So it would have three dots around the symbol for aluminum, 2 of them paired to stand for the iiisouthward electrons:

   

2. The valence electron configuration for selenium is 4due south ⁱⁱ4p ^iv. In the highest-numbered shell, the northward = iv shell, there are vi electrons. Its electron dot diagram is as follows:

   

Test Yourself

What is the Lewis electron dot diagram for each element?

1. phosphorus
2. argon

Answer

For atoms with partially filled d or f subshells, these electrons are typically omitted from Lewis electron dot diagrams. For example, the electron dot diagram for atomic number 26 (valence beat out configuration ivs ²3d ⁶) is as follows:

Elements in the same cavalcade of the periodic table have like Lewis electron dot diagrams because they take the aforementioned valence crush electron configuration. Thus the electron dot diagrams for the starting time column of elements are every bit follows:

Monatomic ions are atoms that accept either lost (for cations) or gained (for anions) electrons. Electron dot diagrams for ions are the same as for atoms, except that some electrons accept been removed for cations, while some electrons have been added for anions. Thus in comparison the electron configurations and electron dot diagrams for the Na cantlet and the Na⁺ ion, we annotation that the Na atom has a single valence electron in its Lewis diagram, while the Na⁺ ion has lost that one valence electron:

Technically, the valence beat out of the Na⁺ ion is now the north = 2 beat, which has eight electrons in it. Then why do we not put eight dots around Na⁺? Conventionally, when we show electron dot diagrams for ions, nosotros testify the original valence beat of the atom, which in this case is the north = 3 shell and empty in the Na⁺ ion.

In making cations, electrons are first lost from the highest numbered shell, non necessarily the terminal subshell filled. For example, in going from the neutral Fe atom to the Atomic number 26^two+ ion, the Iron atom loses its two fourdue south electrons first, non its 3d electrons, despite the fact that the 3d subshell is the last subshell being filled. Thus we accept

Anions have extra electrons when compared to the original cantlet. Here is a comparison of the Cl cantlet with the Cl⁻ ion:

Case 2

What is the Lewis electron dot diagram for each ion?

1. Ca²⁺
2. Oⁱⁱ⁻

Solution

1. Having lost its 2 original valence electrons, the Lewis electron dot diagram is merely Ca²⁺.

   Ca²⁺

2. The Oⁱⁱ⁻ ion has gained two electrons in its valence beat, so its Lewis electron dot diagram is as follows:

   

Test Yourself

The valence electron configuration of thallium, whose symbol is Tl, is 6s ²5d ^tenhalf-dozenp ⁱ. What is the Lewis electron dot diagram for the Tl⁺ ion?

Respond

Fundamental Takeaways

• Lewis electron dot diagrams employ dots to represent valence electrons around an atomic symbol.
• Lewis electron dot diagrams for ions have fewer (for cations) or more (for anions) dots than the corresponding cantlet.

Exercises

1. Explain why the outset 2 dots in a Lewis electron dot diagram are drawn on the same side of the diminutive symbol.

2. Is it necessary for the first dot around an atomic symbol to go on a item side of the atomic symbol?

3. What column of the periodic table has Lewis electron dot diagrams with two electrons?

4. What column of the periodic table has Lewis electron dot diagrams that have vi electrons in them?

5. Describe the Lewis electron dot diagram for each element.

a)  strontium

b)  silicon

6.  Draw the Lewis electron dot diagram for each element.

a)  krypton

b)  sulfur

7.  Depict the Lewis electron dot diagram for each chemical element.

a)  titanium

b)  phosphorus

8.  Draw the Lewis electron dot diagram for each chemical element.

a)  bromine

b)  gallium

ix.  Describe the Lewis electron dot diagram for each ion.

a)  Mg²⁺

b)  S²⁻

ten.  Draw the Lewis electron dot diagram for each ion.

a)  In⁺

b)  Br⁻

11.  Draw the Lewis electron dot diagram for each ion.

a)  Atomic number 26²⁺

b)  N³⁻

12.  Draw the Lewis electron dot diagram for each ion.

a)  H⁺

b)  H⁻

Answers

1.

The starting time two electrons in a valence shell are s electrons, which are paired.

3.

the second column of the periodic tabular array

5.

a)

b)

7.

a)

b)

9.

a)   Mg²⁺

b)

eleven.

a)  Atomic number 26²⁺

b)

Electron Dot Diagram For Lead,

Source: https://pressbooks.nscc.ca/nsccintroductorychemistry/chapter/lewis-electron-dot-diagrams-2/

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